Kalmia latifolia
Common name:
Mountain-laurel
Pronunciation:
KAL-mee-a lat-i-FO-le-a
Family:
Ericaceae
Genus:
Type:
Broadleaf
Native to (or naturalized in) Oregon:
No
- Broadleaf evergreen shrub, 7-15 ft (2.1-4.5 m) tall, similar spread, dense when young, but loose and open with age. Leaves simple, alternate, but appear irregularly whorled, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 5-13 x 2-4 cm, leathery, entire, dark green above, yellowish below. Flowers are in terminal clusters, ranging in color from white, pink to red, depending upon the selection. Each flower is 5-sided and cup-shaped, 2-2.5 cm wide, 10 stamens which on first opening are held in little cavities (pouch) in the corolla (petals), when the pollen is ripe and bend in the filament is touched, the pollen carrying anthers are released (this mechanism facilitates insect pollination). The fruit is a globose, brown capsule, 4-6 mm in diameter with 5 valves, when dry, it splitting open to release hundreds of small (~1 mm long) seeds.
- Part shade to shade, acid, well-drained, cool soil
- Hardy to USDA Zone 4 Native from Quebec and New Brunswick to Florida, west to Ohio and Tennessee.
- Dirr (1998, p. 527), "individually the most beautiful flower I know." But the entire plant is poisonous; consuming even small amounts of the leaves can be fatal! Andromedotoxin and arbutin are responsible for toxicity. Andromedotoxin is a resinoid, its structure is not fully known. Arbutin is a glucoside by hydroquinone (Poisonous Plants of Pennsylvania, [web site], Penn. Dept. Agriculture).
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Many cultivars, over 60, with flower colors varying from white to pink-rose and deep rose. Some of the more common ones include:
- 'Elf' - compact form, pink buds, white flowers
- 'Hearts of Desire' - buds dark red, flowers burgundy
- 'Olympic Fire' - deep red buds, pink flowers
- 'Ostbo Red' - bright red buds, flowers deep pink
- Kalmia: after Peter Kalmia, Finnish student of Linnaeus. latifolia: broad-leaved (also a narrow-leaved species, K. angustifolia), both native to eastern US.
- Oregon State Univ. campus: behind Owen Hall along north wall (plants show some differences in leaf color, flowers vary from light pink to rose-pink, are different cultivars); south and west sides of Weatherford Hall
Click image to enlarge
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flower buds and leaves
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plant habit, flowering
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flower clusters
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flowers
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flowers
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flowers, close-up
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flower clusters and leaves
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shoot
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leaves
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leaves and fruit
